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Business Law Library & Tracker

Selected Business Law Cases

Short explainers for court decisions that change how UK businesses handle contracts, staff, customers, IP and company duties.

Sources last reviewed 10 Aug 2026

Main law guides

122

Acts, regulations and codes worth reading first

Topics

60

Plain-English clusters

Published case explainers

143

Selected cases with a business lesson

Tracked updates

13

New, amended & reviewed

Plain-English explainers, not legal advice. Use the linked official source for section-level detail, and get advice for your situation.

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143 cases shown
Employment Appeal Tribunal[2025] EAT 12319 Aug 2025

Dr Christopher Day v Lewisham and Greenwich NHS Trust

The durable lesson for employers is not that public rebuttals are safe, but that they are risky and must be handled with discipline. The EAT said the tribunal was...

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Employment & WorkplaceDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsUnions, Collective Bargaining & Industrial Action
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 3167 (IPEC)4 Dec 2025

Dryrobe Limited v Caesr Group Limited

If you are launching a new brand, do not rely on small spelling changes, punctuation, or a different logo to solve a similarity problem. The court treated D-ROBE as...

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Advertising, Marketing & PromotionsTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingProduct Safety, Labelling & RecallsLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & Content
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 94624 July 2025

easyGroup Limited v Easy Live (Services) Limited & Ors

The practical lesson is not simply ‘avoid famous brands’. It is more specific: test the exact wording you want to use, not just your full company name or logo. In...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDirectors' Duties & GovernanceAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 100024 July 2025

easyGroup Limited v easyfundraising Limited & Ors

Read this case as a practical lesson in running two separate trade mark checks. First, if you own registrations, can you prove genuine use of the mark as registered...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesCharities, Clubs & Member GovernanceTelecommunications, Media & Content
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 2254 (KB)3 Sept 2025

Equity & Ors v Talent Systems Europe Limited (trading as Spotlight)

If your business runs a directory, marketplace or subscription platform for freelancers, this case shows that labels alone do not decide your legal status, but your...

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Employment & WorkplaceDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDirectors' Duties & GovernanceAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsOnline Sales, Subscriptions & PlatformsCopyright, Software & Digital ContentDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & Content
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 29221 Mar 2025

Expert Tooling and Automation Limited v Engie Power Limited

If you use a broker, do not stop at a general statement that the broker is paid commission. Ask who pays it, whether it is built into your price, how much it is or...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & Grievances
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 65219 May 2025

Great Jackson St Estates Limited v The Council of The City of Manchester

If your project sits on leasehold land, review the lease before major planning, design and funding costs are committed. Check every clause affecting demolition,...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLiquidation & RestructuringAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsCommercial Leases, Rent & OutgoingsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFinancial Services, Credit & Payments
UK Supreme Court[2025] UKSC 331 Aug 2025

Hopcraft v Close Brothers; Johnson and Wrench v FirstRand

Commission disclosure and customer finance journeys need careful design. Even where broad fiduciary or bribery claims fail, regulated credit fairness can still bite...

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Finance, Payments & SecurityConsumer Law & TradingFinancial Services, Credit & Payments
UK Supreme Court[2025] UKSC 2524 June 2025

Iconix Luxembourg Holdings SARL v Dream Pairs Europe Inc

Brand clearance should consider how signs look in real use, not just side-by-side at design stage. Product shape, angle, context and post-sale visibility can all...

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IP & Brand ProtectionConsumer Law & TradingTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingDisputes, Enforcement & Remedies
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 12637 Oct 2025

InterDigital, Inc & Ors v Optis Cellular Technology LLC & Ors

If your business signs contracts with sensitive pricing, royalty structures or negotiated rates, this case is a useful guide to how courts may treat that...

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Restraints, Confidentiality & Trade SecretsLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentEquality, Discrimination & AccessibilityStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 45916 Apr 2025

Justin Gutmann v Apple Inc & Ors

If your business runs a platform, marketplace or other model that could attract a competition class action, this case is a reminder that funding challenges may not...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 34328 Mar 2025

Merck KGaA v Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC & Anor

If your business has territorial limits on brand use, treat them as operational rules that need technical and commercial controls behind them. Audit your websites,...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesHealthcare & Regulated ProfessionsTelecommunications, Media & Content
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 426 (KB)14 Feb 2025

Mex Group Worldwide Limited v Adam Duthie & Anor

For business owners, the durable lesson is not about the underlying cross-border fight. It is about control of confidential information once a relationship with a...

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Privacy & DataContractors & Worker StatusDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesRestraints, Confidentiality & Trade SecretsDisputes, Enforcement & Remedies
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 10321 Aug 2025

Modernatx, Inc v Pfizer Limited & Ors

The durable lesson is practical. If your business relies on patents, be precise about what your claims cover and keep clear records of the technical problem you...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & Customs
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 26414 Mar 2025

Mohinder Singh & Ors v David Ingram (in his capacity as the Liquidator of MSD Cash and Carry PLC)

For business owners, directors and insolvency practitioners, the lesson is simple: do not assume that a funding agreement signed part-way through a dispute only...

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Insolvency & RestructuringDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDirectors' Duties & GovernanceLiquidation & RestructuringDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesInsurance Policies & Claims
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 18614 Mar 2025

Morley's (Fast Foods) Limited v Thurairasa Nanthankumar & Ors

For small and growing food businesses, the lesson is simple: do not assume that changing the name alone makes your branding safe. The court looked at the overall...

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Employment & WorkplaceDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFranchising, Distribution & DealershipsHospitality, Alcohol & Gambling
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 8444 July 2025

On Tower UK Limited v British Telecommunications PLC

If your telecoms lease or rooftop site agreement contains a detailed landlord break clause, do not assume the Code will cure a weak notice. Start with the contract....

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Commercial Leases, Rent & OutgoingsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & Content
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 5521 May 2025

Optis Cellular Technology LLC & Ors v Apple Retail UK Ltd & Ors

If your products use standardised technology, do not leave SEP licensing until after launch or until litigation is well underway. This case shows that once a...

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Licences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentEquality, Discrimination & AccessibilityStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 86911 July 2025

Phones 4U Limited (in administration) v EE Limited & Ors

The durable lesson is straightforward. A business can lawfully make a tough commercial decision, even one that rivals may also be considering, but it must make that...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLiquidation & RestructuringBusiness Sales & AcquisitionsCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductRecords, Reporting & NotificationsDisputes, Enforcement & Remedies
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 3371 (Ch)19 Dec 2025

Places for People Pension Trustee Limited v Places for People Group Limited & Ors

For ordinary businesses, the durable lesson is less about pensions litigation and more about document control. If your business changes employee benefits, incentive...

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Employment & WorkplaceDirectors' Duties & GovernanceDisputes, Enforcement & Remedies
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 399 (IPEC)27 Feb 2025

Prevayl Innovations Limited v Whoop Inc

If your innovation is mainly about where known hardware sits in a garment or device, do not assume that commercial usefulness equals patent strength. You need...

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Advertising, Marketing & PromotionsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & Content
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 2276 (Ch)4 Sept 2025

River Island Holdings Limited, Re

The practical lesson is not that every struggling business can cut leases through court process. It is that directors should act early, build evidence and compare...

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Insolvency & RestructuringWages, Leave & PayrollDirectors' Duties & GovernanceLiquidation & RestructuringOnline Sales, Subscriptions & PlatformsCommercial Leases, Rent & OutgoingsFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsInsurance Policies & ClaimsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsTelecommunications, Media & ContentEquality, Discrimination & Accessibility
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 111822 Aug 2025

Sky UK Limited v The Office of Communications

The durable lesson is about service classification, not a blanket label for every Sky product. The ruling supports Ofcom’s interpretation for the issue in dispute...

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Regulatory ComplianceDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesOnline Sales, Subscriptions & PlatformsCopyright, Software & Digital ContentCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductRecords, Reporting & NotificationsDisputes, Enforcement & Remedies
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 84124 July 2025

Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe Limited & Anor v Alex Neill Class Representative Limited

If your business faces a funded competition claim, assume the claimant may still have workable third-party funding even after PACCAR. You can still review the...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 6109 May 2025

Tesco Stores Limited, R (on the application of) v Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council & Anor

If your business is involved in a retail planning application, treat site availability as a live issue until the decision is made. Do not assume a more central site...

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Regulatory ComplianceDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & Customs
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 1936 Mar 2025

Tesla Inc & Anor v InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc & Ors

For ordinary businesses, the durable lesson is about licensing structure, not electric cars. If your product depends on standard-essential patents, the legal route...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesEquality, Discrimination & AccessibilityStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 338 (Ch)18 Feb 2025

Thames Water Utilities Holdings Ltd, Re

If your business is heading towards a cash shortfall, the key lesson is to start restructuring work early and build evidence around the real fallback scenario if no...

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Insolvency & RestructuringDirectors' Duties & GovernanceLiquidation & RestructuringCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsTelecommunications, Media & Content
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 520 Jan 2025

Thatchers Cider Company Limited v Aldi Stores Limited

The lesson is not that you can never use common flavour cues, category colours or fruit imagery. The problem is pushing the design so far that it deliberately calls...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDirectors' Duties & GovernanceTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductLicences, Permits & RegistrationsHospitality, Alcohol & Gambling
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 67723 May 2025

The Secretary of State for Health and Social Care & Ors v Lundbeck Limited & Ors

For business owners, the lasting lesson is not limited to pharmaceuticals. If your business makes a deal with a competitor that delays entry, restricts selling, or...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductDisputes, Enforcement & Remedies
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 134023 Oct 2025

Thom Browne Inc & Anor v Adidas AG

The main lesson is to be precise when filing position marks. If your branding depends on a feature appearing on a sleeve, side panel, pocket, shoe upper or similar...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & Remedies
UK Supreme Court[2025] UKSC 2121 May 2025

URS Corporation Ltd v BDW Trading Ltd

If your business develops, designs or helps build residential property, do not assume risk ends when the units are sold or when an old six-year limitation position...

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Regulatory ComplianceDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesWorkplace Health & SafetyDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsInsurance Policies & ClaimsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsTelecommunications, Media & Content
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 78324 June 2025

Vietjet Aviation Joint Stock Company v FW Aviation (Holdings) 1 Limited

For ordinary businesses, the durable lesson is simple: if your deal is funded by lenders or secured against key assets, do not treat the supplier or original...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesShareholders & Company ControlDebt Recovery, Guarantees & SecurityLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsTransport, Shipping & LogisticsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsTelecommunications, Media & Content
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 137430 Oct 2025

Westfield Park Limited v Harworth Estates Investments Limited

Do not assume a court will treat a practical improvement as the same as the contractual trigger. If the real bargain is "pay more when static caravans are allowed",...

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Wages, Leave & PayrollDismissal, Redundancy & Grievances
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 1722 (IPEC)11 July 2025

Wise Payments Limited v With Wise Limited & Ors

If you are choosing or changing a brand, do not stop at checking whether another business looks like a direct competitor. Map what your business actually does now,...

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Wages, Leave & PayrollDirectors' Duties & GovernanceTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingCopyright, Software & Digital ContentLicences, Permits & RegistrationsFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsTransport, Shipping & Logistics
UK Supreme Court[2024] UKSC 239 July 2024

Abbey Healthcare (Mill Hill) Ltd v Augusta 2008 LLP

Collateral warranties should not be treated as interchangeable boilerplate. Developers, tenants, funders and contractors should check whether the document gives the...

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Construction & TradesContracts & CommercialContractors & Worker StatusCommercial Leases, Rent & OutgoingsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesConstruction Contracts & PaymentHealthcare & Regulated Professions
High Court of Justice[2024] EWHC 2920 (KB)18 Nov 2024

Alex Not & Ors v Jaguar Land Rover Limited & Ors

For ordinary businesses, the durable lesson is less about diesel vehicles and more about how product complaints can scale. If many customers say the same product...

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Debt Recovery, Guarantees & SecurityDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFranchising, Distribution & DealershipsFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsTelecommunications, Media & Content