Business Law Library & Tracker

Standards, Accreditation & Certification

Technical standards, accredited services, certification and quality claims.

Sources last reviewed 28 July 2026

Main law guides

122

Acts, regulations and codes worth reading first

Topics

60

Plain-English clusters

Published case explainers

143

Selected cases with a business lesson

Tracked updates

11

New, amended & reviewed

Plain-English explainers, not legal advice. Use the linked official source for section-level detail, and get advice for your situation.

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Main laws

Main lawUnited Kingdom

Consumer Rights Act 2015

UKPGA 2015 c 15

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 13 June 2026
Consumer Law & TradingContracts & CommercialUnfair Contract TermsCopyright, Software & Digital ContentDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

Food Safety Act 1990

UKPGA 1990 c 16

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 13 June 2026
Food & Product ComplianceRegulatory ComplianceProduct Safety, Labelling & RecallsLicences, Permits & RegistrationsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsHospitality, Alcohol & GamblingStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

Payment Services Regulations 2017

SI 2017/752

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 13 June 2026
Finance, Payments & SecurityDigital & EcommerceLicences, Permits & RegistrationsFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982

UKPGA 1982 c 29

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 13 June 2026
Contracts & CommercialStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977

UKPGA 1977 c 50

PriorityIn force4 practical checks · checked 13 June 2026
Contracts & CommercialUnfair Contract TermsFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsInsurance Policies & ClaimsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

Care Standards Act 2000

2000 c. 14

PriorityCurrent legislation10 practical checks · checked 28 July 2026
Regulatory ComplianceDirectors' Duties & GovernanceLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesHealthcare & Regulated ProfessionsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

European Union (Future Relationship) Act 2020

2020 c. 29

PriorityCurrent legislation5 practical checks · checked 28 July 2026
Consumer Law & TradingRegulatory ComplianceProduct Safety, Labelling & RecallsRecords, Reporting & NotificationsTransport, Shipping & LogisticsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsAnimals, Food & Agricultural ProductsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

Energy Act 2013

2013 c. 32

PriorityCurrent legislation7 practical checks · checked 28 July 2026
Commercial Leases & PropertyRegulatory ComplianceRestraints, Confidentiality & Trade SecretsCommercial Leases, Rent & OutgoingsLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesEnvironmental Consents & WasteNatural Hazards, Climate & ResilienceStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Main lawUnited Kingdom

Energy Act 2023

2023 c. 52

PriorityCurrent legislation8 practical checks · checked 28 July 2026
Environment, Waste & PollutionRegulatory ComplianceLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTransport, Shipping & LogisticsStandards, Accreditation & Certification

Cases

Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2026] EWCA Civ 56412 May 2026

Acer Incorporated & Anor v Nokia Technologies Oy

If your products rely on standardised technology, do not treat a licence offer as just a pricing discussion. This case shows that the structure of the offer can be...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsTelecommunications, Media & ContentStandards, Accreditation & Certification
UK Supreme Court[2026] UKSC 411 Feb 2026

Dairy UK Ltd v Oatly AB

If you sell plant-based food or drink in the UK, do not assume a creative slogan, campaign line or trade mark is safe just because it is obviously non-dairy in...

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Regulatory ComplianceDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesCharities, Clubs & Member GovernanceAgriculture, Farming & Rural BusinessAnimals, Food & Agricultural ProductsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2026] EWCA Civ 14019 Feb 2025

DSG Retail Limited v The Information Commissioner

If your business can identify a person from information in its systems, you should usually treat that information as needing appropriate protection, even where an...

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Privacy & DataBusiness Sales & AcquisitionsData Breaches & CybersecurityDebt Recovery, Guarantees & SecurityDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2026] EWHC 767 (IPEC)1 Apr 2026

Easygroup Limited v Easyfeetstore OÜ & Ors

For business owners, the lesson cuts both ways. If you are launching a brand, do proper trade mark checks before going live, especially if your name starts with a...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesStandards, Accreditation & Certification
UK Supreme Court[2026] UKSC 2322 July 2026

Great Asia Maritime Ltd v Orion Shipping and Trading LLC

An express termination clause does more than decide whether a party can exit. Its compensation language can create a separate damages right. Draft the trigger,...

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Contracts & CommercialDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTransport, Shipping & LogisticsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2026] EWHC 266 (Ch)12 Feb 2026

Handy Cross Dev Co Ltd v Vanni Properties Ltd

If you are buying land for a development, do not assume your planning drawings, engineering plans or later design changes will fix an unclear legal boundary. The...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesStandards, Accreditation & Certification
UK Supreme Court[2026] UKSC 115 Jan 2026

Providence Building Services Ltd v Hexagon Housing Association Ltd

A termination clause is a sequence, not a general fairness test. Before ending a contract, trace every notice, deadline, cure period and precondition in order. A...

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Construction & TradesContracts & CommercialContractors & Worker StatusCharities, Clubs & Member GovernanceStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2026] EWHC 1093 (Ch)19 May 2026

The Financial Conduct Authority v Argento Wealth Limited & Anor

The lasting value of this case is practical rather than technical. If your business raises money, do not assume that a purpose clause automatically ring-fences...

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Directors' Duties & GovernanceShareholders & Company ControlAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFranchising, Distribution & DealershipsFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsInsurance Policies & ClaimsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 4328 Jan 2025

Alcatel Lucent SAS v Amazon Digital UK Limited & Ors

Read this as a case about litigation strategy and business continuity, not a final win on licence terms. Amazon improved its position by doing more than saying it...

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Licences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 1844 (KB)18 July 2025

Andrew Cannestra v Mclaren Automotive Events Limited

If you sell premium experiences, especially overseas or through local suppliers, do not assume the local operator alone carries the risk. The court treated the...

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Contractors & Worker StatusDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesConstruction Contracts & PaymentHealthcare & Regulated ProfessionsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2025] EWHC 636 (KB)17 Mar 2025

Angela Emmerson v Human Givens Institute Limited

For ordinary businesses, the durable lesson is simple: do not assume you can share information just because one person involved says yes. If your business holds...

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Privacy & DataDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesRestraints, Confidentiality & Trade SecretsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesConstruction Contracts & PaymentImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsWorkplace Investigations & MisconductStandards, Accreditation & CertificationConsumer Complaints & Dispute Resolution
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 94624 July 2025

easyGroup Limited v Easy Live (Services) Limited & Ors

The practical lesson is not simply ‘avoid famous brands’. It is more specific: test the exact wording you want to use, not just your full company name or logo. In...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDirectors' Duties & GovernanceAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 12637 Oct 2025

InterDigital, Inc & Ors v Optis Cellular Technology LLC & Ors

If your business signs contracts with sensitive pricing, royalty structures or negotiated rates, this case is a useful guide to how courts may treat that...

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Restraints, Confidentiality & Trade SecretsLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentEquality, Discrimination & AccessibilityStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 45916 Apr 2025

Justin Gutmann v Apple Inc & Ors

If your business runs a platform, marketplace or other model that could attract a competition class action, this case is a reminder that funding challenges may not...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 5521 May 2025

Optis Cellular Technology LLC & Ors v Apple Retail UK Ltd & Ors

If your products use standardised technology, do not leave SEP licensing until after launch or until litigation is well underway. This case shows that once a...

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Licences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentEquality, Discrimination & AccessibilityStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 84124 July 2025

Sony Interactive Entertainment Europe Limited & Anor v Alex Neill Class Representative Limited

If your business faces a funded competition claim, assume the claimant may still have workable third-party funding even after PACCAR. You can still review the...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2025] EWCA Civ 1936 Mar 2025

Tesla Inc & Anor v InterDigital Patent Holdings, Inc & Ors

For ordinary businesses, the durable lesson is about licensing structure, not electric cars. If your product depends on standard-essential patents, the legal route...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesEquality, Discrimination & AccessibilityStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2024] EWCA Civ 110626 Sept 2024

Christine Self v Santander Cards UK Limited

For small and mid-sized businesses in consumer finance, the practical lesson is not that any standard form will always block later claims. The lesson is narrower...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsInsurance Policies & ClaimsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & CertificationConsumer Complaints & Dispute Resolution
UK Supreme Court[2024] UKSC 2916 Sept 2024

Commissioners for HM Revenue and Customs v Professional Game Match Officials Ltd

Flexibility before an assignment does not prevent employment obligations arising during an accepted assignment. Businesses using casual or assignment-by-assignment...

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Employment & WorkplaceContracts & CommercialDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesCopyright, Software & Digital ContentCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsWorkplace Investigations & MisconductStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2024] EWHC 2654 (KB)21 Oct 2024

Domestic & General Group Limited & Ors v Premier Protect Holdings Limited & Ors

If your business sells plans, subscriptions or cover products by phone, this case shows that the biggest legal risk is not just what your own staff say, but what...

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Liquidation & RestructuringOnline Sales, Subscriptions & PlatformsCharities, Clubs & Member GovernanceStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2024] EWCA Civ 128225 Oct 2024

Marcus Gervase Johnson v Firstrand Bank Limited (London Branch) t/a Motonovo Finance

If your business arranges consumer finance as part of a sale, do not assume the lender carries all the legal risk. In the court’s scenario, the dealer was a credit...

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Disputes, Enforcement & RemediesFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2024] EWCA Civ 13221 Nov 2024

Meta Platforms Inc & Ors v Dr Liza Lovdahl Gormsen

If your business runs a digital service, this case is a warning not to treat user data as a free add-on just because your service has no cash price. The court...

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Advertising, Marketing & PromotionsOnline Sales, Subscriptions & PlatformsCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Employment Appeal Tribunal[2024] EAT 2025 Mar 2024

P Patel v DPD Group UK Limited

The practical point is not that any substitution clause will do. A clause only helps if it is genuine, broad enough to matter, and consistent with how the...

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Employment & WorkplaceContractors & Worker StatusDismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFranchising, Distribution & DealershipsUnions, Collective Bargaining & Industrial ActionStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2024] EWCA Civ 11433 Oct 2024

Panasonic Holdings Corporation v Xiaomi Technology UK Limited & Ors

If your business uses standardised technology and is prepared to take a court-determined FRAND licence, say so early, document it clearly and keep that position...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesTelecommunications, Media & ContentEquality, Discrimination & AccessibilityStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2024] EWCA Civ 25415 Mar 2024

Rajinder Kumar & Ors v LSC Finance Limited

If your business lends or borrows against land, do not treat purpose wording as boilerplate. A court will look at the actual intended use of the land and the real...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDirectors' Duties & GovernanceDebt Recovery, Guarantees & SecurityDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsAgriculture, Farming & Rural BusinessInsurance Policies & ClaimsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
UK Supreme Court[2023] UKSC 4115 Nov 2023

Canada Square Operations Ltd v Potter

The safest reading for business owners is straightforward. Do not assume that six years automatically closes off risk if your business model depended on not telling...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFinancial Services, Credit & PaymentsInsurance Policies & ClaimsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsTelecommunications, Media & ContentStandards, Accreditation & CertificationConsumer Complaints & Dispute Resolution
UK Supreme Court[2023] UKSC 218 Jan 2023

Sara & Hossein Asset Holdings Ltd v Blacks Outdoor Retail Ltd

Commercial lease service charge clauses can control cash flow first and arguments later. Tenants should understand certification, payment timing and dispute rights...

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Commercial Leases & PropertyContracts & CommercialCommercial Leases, Rent & OutgoingsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2022] EWCA Civ 86423 June 2022

Credico Marketing Limited & Anor. v Benjamin Gregory Lambert & Anor.

If your agreement contains both an exclusivity clause and a post-termination non-compete, assess them separately. This case shows that a court may uphold the first...

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Restraints, Confidentiality & Trade SecretsDirectors' Duties & GovernanceShareholders & Company ControlAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsDebt Recovery, Guarantees & SecurityDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesCharities, Clubs & Member GovernanceUnions, Collective Bargaining & Industrial ActionStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2022] EWCA Civ 88930 June 2022

Dwyer (UK Franchising) Limited v Fredbar Limited & Anor.

If you use franchise agreements, do not assume a 12 month restraint is safe just because similar clauses have been upheld elsewhere. The court said each case turns...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesDirectors' Duties & GovernanceShareholders & Company ControlDebt Recovery, Guarantees & SecurityFranchising, Distribution & DealershipsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsStandards, Accreditation & Certification
Court of Appeal of England and Wales[2022] EWCA Civ 107728 July 2022

London & South Eastern Railway Limited & Ors v Justin Gutmann

Read this case as a warning about pricing operations and channel design, not as a final statement that the defendants acted unlawfully. The Court of Appeal did not...

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Dismissal, Redundancy & GrievancesCompetition, Cartels & Market ConductDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFranchising, Distribution & DealershipsTransport, Shipping & LogisticsImport, Export, Sanctions & CustomsUnions, Collective Bargaining & Industrial ActionStandards, Accreditation & Certification
High Court of Justice[2022] EWHC 1142 (IPEC)29 Apr 2022

Zoe Evans & Ors. v Anytime Clubs UK Limited & Anor.

If you run a franchise, keep clear records showing who controls local marketing in practice, not just on paper. A general right to protect brand standards is not...

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Directors' Duties & GovernanceShareholders & Company ControlAdvertising, Marketing & PromotionsTrade Marks, Passing Off & BrandingLicences, Permits & RegistrationsDisputes, Enforcement & RemediesFranchising, Distribution & DealershipsCharities, Clubs & Member GovernanceUnions, Collective Bargaining & Industrial ActionStandards, Accreditation & Certification